China imported a total of $486 million worth of Commerce-controlled dual-use products from the United States in 1995. Computers were the biggest single dollar item, followed by chemical precursors. The most strategically sensitive exports are listed in the table below. (Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration [BXA], “Export Administration Annual Report, 1995”)
A. Equipment Controlled for Nuclear Non-proliferation Reasons:
Digital computers/assemblies and related equipment
CCL number: 4A03
Value: $34,543,856 *
Numerical control units/motion control boards
CCL number: 2B01
Value: $19,438,064
Cathode ray oscilloscopes and components
CCL number: 3A52
Value: $4,301,109
Fibrous/filamentary materials used in matrix structures
CCL number: 1C10
Value: $3,327,152
Vibrational test equipment using digital control technology
CCL number: 9B26
Value: $3,222,828 *
Dimensional inspection/measuring systems or equipment
CCL number: 2B06
Value: $3,197,784
Items on the International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] list
CCL number: 1C19
Value: $1,500,000
Spin/flow forming machines used with computer control
CCL number: 2B50
Value: $1,187,500 *
Optical equipment–lasers
CCL number: 6A05
Value: $1,170,903
Cameras
CCL number: 6A03
Value: $982,460
Cylindrical tubing/solid cylindrical forms in aluminum or titanium
CCL number: 1A46
Value: $861,393
Isostatic presses
CCL number: 2B44
Value: $802,500
Mass spectrometers
CCL number: 3A51
Value: $785,000
Vacuum/controlled environment furnaces
CCL number: 1B50
Value: $783,600
Specially designed pressure measuring instruments
CCL number: 1B51
Value: $710,164
High purity bismuth with low silver content
CCL number: 1C51
Value: $620,740
Electronic devices/components
CCL number: 3A01
Value: $378,676 *
Commodities on the International Atomic Energy List
CCL number: 2A19
Value: $233,750
Helium isotopically enriched in the Helium-3 isotope
CCL number: 1C55
Value: $178,925
Cameras/components/photographic media not controlled
CCL number: 6A43
Value: $173,735
Filament winding machines
CCL number: 1B41
Value: $103,800
Piping/fittings/valves made with named alloy
CCL number: 2A51
Value: $20,093
Total: 22 applications
Value: $78,524,032
B. Equipment Controlled For Missile Technology Reasons:
Digital computers/assemblies and related equipment
CCL number: 4A03
Value: $34,543,856 *
Inertial or other equipment using accelerometers
CCL number: 7A23
Value: $6,586,090
Vibrational test equipment using digital control technology
CCL number: 9B26
Value: $3,222,828 *
Spin/flow forming machines used with computer control
CCL number: 2B50
Value: $1,187,500 *
Electronic devices/components
CCL number: 3A01
Value: $378,676 *
Total: 5 applications
Value: $45,918,950
C. Equipment Controlled for Chemical and Biological Weapon Reasons:
Precursors/intermediate chemicals for chemical warfare
CCL number: 1C60
Value: $54,488,060
Equipment for production of chemical weapon precursors
CCL number: 1B70
Value: $5,720,964
Total: 2 applications
Value: $60,209,024
* Controlled for both nuclear and missile proliferation reasons.
Total applications on this list: 29
Total value on this list: $184,652,006
Total applications in 1995: 447
Total value: $486,176,414