North Korea Nuclear Update – 2004

As the year 2004 began, North Korea offered once again to freeze its nuclear program as part of a deal that might resolve its standoff with the United States. And…

Brazil Missile Milestones – 1945-2003

1945: Brazil establishes the Aeronautical Technical Center for space research and rocket development. 1965: Sonda rocket development begins; first two rockets provide experience in testing thermal protections, propellants, aerodynamic configurations…

Iran’s Nuclear Card

It is now clear that the Islamic Republic of Iran has been operating a string of secret nuclear sites in violation of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). In November, the…

Nuclear Breakout in the Middle East?

bitterlemons-international.org December 11, 2003 Since the 1960s, when Israel produced its first A-bomb’s worth of plutonium, it has enjoyed a surprisingly long-lived monopoly on nuclear weapons in the Middle East….

What’s ‘Cheating’ in Farsi?

The Wall Street Journal November 13, 2003, p. A18 Iran has just revealed that for more than a decade it has been running secret programs to produce plutonium and enriched…

Pakistan Nuclear Update – 2003

Nuclear program overview Pakistan continues to increase its nuclear weapon capability, and to import the necessary dual-use equipment and materials. The country is now estimated to possess an arsenal of…

North Korea Missile Update – 2003

Although North Korea has not tested a long-range missile since 1998, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency reports that North Korea is still actively importing raw material and components for its…

Pakistan Missile Update – 2003

Missile tests Pakistan continues to develop its ballistic missile capability with foreign assistance and has pursued an ambitious testing program. In May 2002, Pakistan flight-tested its solid-fueled Abdali (Hatf 2)…

The Mullahs and the Bomb

The New York Times October 23, 2003, p. A27 WASHINGTON – With much fanfare, and the reluctant endorsement of the Bush administration, Iran has vowed to suspend its controversial effort…

Remarks on Iran’s Nuclear Program

Remarks to the Democratic Study Group on National Security by Gary Milhollin October 16, 2003 I am pleased to be able to address this distinguished group on an important question:…